Pasteur had to disprove spontaneous generation to sustain his theory, and he therefore devised a series of swan‐necked flasks filled with broth. Pasteur called attention to the importance of microorganisms in everyday life and stirred scientists to think that if bacteria could make the wine “sick,” then perhaps they could cause human illness. He performed numerous experiments to discover why wine and dairy products became sour, and he found that bacteria were to blame. Louis Pasteur worked in the middle and late 1800s. An English cleric named John Needham advanced spontaneous generation, but Lazzaro Spallanzani disputed the theory by showing that boiled broth would not give rise to microscopic forms of life. This theory was disputed by Francesco Redi, who showed that fly maggots do not arise from decaying meat (as others believed) if the meat is covered to prevent the entry of flies. In those years, scientists debated the theory of spontaneous generation, which stated that microorganisms arise from lifeless matter such as beef broth. Until his death in 1723, van Leeuwenhoek revealed the microscopic world to scientists of the day and is regarded as one of the first to provide accurate descriptions of protozoa, fungi, and bacteria.Īfter van Leeuwenhoek died, the study of microbiology did not develop rapidly because microscopes were rare and the interest in microorganisms was not high. In the 1670s and the decades thereafter, a Dutch merchant named Anton van Leeuwenhoek made careful observations of microscopic organisms, which he called animalcules. ![]() He is reputed to have observed strands of fungi among the specimens of cells he viewed. Historians are unsure who made the first observations of microorganisms, but the microscope was available during the mid‐1600s, and an English scientist named Robert Hooke made key observations. Many individuals have made significant contributions to the development of microbiology.Įarly history of microbiology. Microbiology has had a long, rich history, initially centered in the causes of infectious diseases but now including practical applications of the science. Viral Diseases of the Reproductive System.Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System.Fungal and Protozoal Diseases of the Reproductive System.Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System.Parasitic Diseases of the Digestive System.Protozoal Diseases of the Digestive System.Viral Diseases of the Respiratory System.Bacterial Diseases of the Respiratory System. ![]()
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